ingot heating

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• steel — steellike, adj. /steel/, n. 1. any of various modified forms of iron, artificially produced, having a carbon content less than that of pig iron and more than that of wrought iron, and having qualities of hardness, elasticity, and strength varying …   Universalium

• zone melting — a process of purifying any of various metals and other materials, as germanium or silicon, by passing it in bar form through an induction coil. Also called zone refining. Cf. cage zone melting. [1955 60] * * * Any of a group of techniques used to …   Universalium

• Zone melting — is a method of separation by melting in which a molten zone traverses a long ingot of impure metal or chemical. In its common use for purification, the molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material… …   Wikipedia

• materials science — the study of the characteristics and uses of various materials, as glass, plastics, and metals. [1960 65] * * * Study of the properties of solid materials and how those properties are determined by the material s composition and structure, both… …   Universalium

• Forging — This article is about the metalworking process. For specific hot forging hearth, see forge. For the act of counterfeiting, see forgery. Hot metal ingot being loaded into a hammer forge Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of… …   Wikipedia

• metallurgy — metallurgic, metallurgical, adj. metallurgically, adv. metallurgist /met l err jist/ or, esp. Brit., /meuh tal euhr jist/, n. /met l err jee/ or, esp. Brit., /meuh tal euhr jee/, n. 1. the technique or science of working or heating metals so as… …   Universalium

• rare-earth element — /rair errth /, Chem. any of a group of closely related metallic elements, comprising the lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium, that are chemically similar by virtue of having the same number of valence electrons. Also called rare earth metal. [1955 …   Universalium

• cheese — cheese1 /cheez/, n., v., cheesed, cheesing. n. 1. the curd of milk separated from the whey and prepared in many ways as a food. 2. a definite mass of this substance, often in the shape of a wheel or cylinder. 3. something of similar shape or… …   Universalium

• Electron beam physical vapor deposition — or EBPVD is a form of physical vapor deposition in which a target anode is bombarded with an electron beam given off by a charged tungsten filament under high vacuum. The electron beam causes atoms from the target to transform into the gaseous… …   Wikipedia

• automation — /aw teuh may sheuhn/, n. 1. the technique, method, or system of operating or controlling a process by highly automatic means, as by electronic devices, reducing human intervention to a minimum. 2. a mechanical device, operated electronically,… …   Universalium

• Business and Industry Review — ▪ 1999 Introduction Overview        Annual Average Rates of Growth of Manufacturing Output, 1980 97, Table Pattern of Output, 1994 97, Table Index Numbers of Production, Employment, and Productivity in Manufacturing Industries, Table (For Annual… …   Universalium